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Objective: To prepare the molecularly imprinted composite membrane of curcumin by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique and develop a method for the separation and enrichment of curcumin in actual samples. Methods Curcumin MIM were prepared by thermal polymerization method using curcumin as template molecule, methylacrylic acid as functional monmers, cuprous chloride as catalyst, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as ligand, and polyvinylidene fluoride as base membrane. The microstructure of MIM was investigated by SEM. The maximum adsorption and adsorption equilibrium time of MIM were investigated by static and dynamic adsorption experiment, and the selective penetration capacity was studied. The MIM as membrane material of osmotic device combined with HPLC was used for separation, enrichment and determination of curcumin in samples. Results The results showed that the prepared curcumin MIM had a regular distribution of pores and a uniform size. The maximum adsorption capacity was 3.81 mg/g, and the adsorption equilibrium could be achieved in 15 min. In the selective permeation process of ferulic acid, quercetin and curcumin, MIM had a high selective permeability to curcumin. The average recovery rates of curcumin in ginger, turmeric and curry were (94.100 ± 3.952)%, (98.300 ± 3.637)%, and (97.900 ± 3.133)%, respectively. The RSD was less than 4.2%. The limit of detection was 1.76 μg/kg. Conclusion The prepared MIM is a new material for strong selectivity, separation and enrichment of Chinese medicine curcumin with fast adsorption speed. At the same time, it also provides reference for chemical composition research of other Chinese materia medica.
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Membrane separation technology becomes the most promising separation technology in the 21st century due to its advantage of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection. It has been extend applied in the areas of waste water treatment, food purification, biotechnology, environmental protection, and optimization. Chinese materia medica (including compoud) have rich resource and multi-component, as a special kind of material, separation operation runs through the entire process, which is the main part of the whole production process. Since the 90s of the 20th century, new separation technology materials and related technologies, such as membrane separation technology, macroporous resin technology in production industrial were gradually used in Chinese materia medica pharmaceutical industry in China. In this paper, the main research progress of membrane separation technology in the chemical constituents separation of Chinese materia medica in recent years are reviewed.
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The Chinese materia medica pharmaceutical process route designed for green manufacturing, also known as “green design”, aims to minimize the resource consumption and environmental effect of the life cycle of products process, coordinate and optimize economic and environmental efficiency. With membrane technology at the core of the pharmaceutical separation process technology closely related to green manufacturing of drugs. The three major requirements and maturity of “environment, performance, and cost” and separation technology principle are the basic elements of the pharmaceutical separation process green design. The development and adoption of clean technology not only conforms to the “principle of precautionary superior to governance”, but also reduces the consumption of raw materials and energy, and at the same time improves the economic efficiency of the enterprises. It is the best way to protect the coordinated development of the ecological environment and economic construction. In this paper, taking the construction of “membrane and resin technology system integration” as an example, the specific implementation plan for the green design of Chinese materia medica pharmaceutical process is introduced, and the technical economical problems in the design of pharmaceutical separation process are analyzed and discussed.
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To investigate the prenatal sonographic feature in the early diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome at 11 －14 weeks′ gestation . Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analysis and summarize the ultrasonographic features of 4 fetuses without band‐like echoes in amniotic cavity at 11－14 weeks′gestation ,but verified as amniotic band syndrome in Peking Union M edical College Hospital . Results T wo cases ( cases 1 ,2) showed the fixed head position with skull defect and intracranial structure disorders . Cases 3 and 4 showed one upper limb in a fixed position ,and the hand seemed to adhere to the umbilical cord isolatedly . In addition ,case 1 showed complete chorioamniotic membrane separation . T here were multiple band‐like echoes adhered to body of 3 fetals during the follow‐up scan at 14 －18 weeks . T he parents of cases 1 and 2 chose to terminate the pregnancy after counseling ,the other 2 cases also induced labor due to intrauterine fetal death at 15+2 weeks and 19+2 weeks respectively . All 4 cases were confirmed as amniotic band syndrome by pathology . Conclusions When the fetal sonographic images showed fixed head position ,disordered intracranial structure ,or adhesion between umbilical cord and hand with limited movement at 11 －14 weeks′ gestation ,it should be paid attention to observing the band‐like echoes and followed up closely to prevent missed diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome .
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OBJECTIVES@#To establish a novel method for the separation of sperm cells in mixed stain, and to evaluate its application value.@*METHODS@#Totally 40 mixed stain samples were collected from sexual assault cases. Sperm cells were separated by the conventional differential lysis method and the nylon membrane bushing separation technique, respectively. The DNA of sperm cells was extracted with the silicon membrane kit （Forensic DNA Extraction Kit for Soft Tissues）. The PCR amplification was performed using AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Plus kit, and the products were electrophoresed by 3500xL genetic analyser. The results of two separation methods were then compared.@*RESULTS@#Complete and single-source male STR genotypes could be obtained from all the 40 mixed stain samples except three samples with minimal residual of female DNA by the nylon membrane bushing separation technique. The STR genotypes of sperm cells could not be detected in 25 samples, which were obtained in 15 samples （seven were of incomplete male STR genotypes, six with residual of female DNA, two were complete and single-source STR genotypes of sperm cells）.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The nylon membrane bushing separation technique developed in present study can be used in the separation of sperm cells in mixed stain, especially for the extraction of a small amount of sperm from a large quantity of female cells, which is inexpensive, rapid and simple.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Coloring Agents , DNA/genetics , DNA Fingerprinting , Genotype , Microsatellite Repeats , Nylons , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Semen , Sex Offenses , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the macroporous resin adsorption and the membrane separation technologies for the purification of saponins water extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Methods:Ten-fold amount of water was used to extract twice for 120 min each time to extract saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides. The macroporous resin adsorption(HP-20,HPD-600,D101,AB-8) and the membrane separation technologies (ceramic microfiltration membranes 0.8 μm and 0.05 μm, and hollow fiber ultrafiltration mem-branes 50,10 and 6 kDa) were adopted to purify the saponins water extract liquid. The physicochemical parameters including electri-cal conductivity,viscosity and turbidity were measured,as well as the contents of total saponins,proteins and polysaccharides were de-termined. Results:The viscosity and turbidity decreased,the value of pH increased and the electrical conductivity of the saponins puri-fication liquid changed irregularly after the membrane filtration. The microfiltration membrane was more advantageous than the ultrafil-tration membrane in removing macromolecular substances. The smaller the pore diameter of microfiltration membrane, the smaller the intercepted molecular weigh,the higher the removal ratio of proteins and the higher the penetration rate of the total saponins,while the polysaccharides content was stable, which was consistent with the results of physicochemical parameters. The ceramic microfiltration membrane could obtain clearer extract,while the ultrafiltration membrane was more suitable for the enrichment of saponins when the in-tercepted molecular weight was 6 kDa. The macroporous resin HPD-600 was the best for the purification of timosaponin water extraction liquid.Conclusion:The selection of membrane for the separation and purification of different substances is particularly important. The change of physicochemical parameters and the content decrease of macromolecular substances have obvious corresponding relationship. Ultrafiltration membrane is better than microfiltration membrane for the purification of timosaponin water extract liquid.
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Objective To develop a medical technical support module and box-type medical technical equipment so as to supply medical oxygen and water for the tent-form field medical system at field conditions.Methods The medical technical support module had its service orientation analyzed to determine its functional requirements and technical indexes, which involved in PSA oxygen generation technology with variable frequency,constant pressure and self-adaptability to altitudes as well as medical water preparation technology by integrated membrane separation. Box-type modules for medical oxygen generation and medial water preparation were trial-produced with the mode of integrated box and instruments as well as high-density polyethylene as the box material.Results The oxygen production was 1.3 Nm3/h,and the oxygen concentration was 92.7%.The flow volume of cleaning water and purified water was 433.7 and 37.2 L/h respectively at 25℃,and the water quality accorded with the relevant water quality indexes of GB 5749—2006 and the national pharmacopoeia(2010 edition). Conclusion This set of medical equipment can meet the design requirements and can effectively guarantee the medical oxygen and medical water needed for medical treatmentin field tent hospital under field conditions. [Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):7-11]
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To investigate the feasibility of vapor permeation membrane technology in separating essential oil from oil-water extract by taking the Forsythia suspensa as an example. The polydimethylsiloxane/polyvinylidene fluoride (PDMS/PVDF) composite flat membrane and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat membrane was collected as the membrane material respectively. Two kinds of membrane osmotic liquids were collected by self-made vapor permeation device. The yield of essential oil separated and enriched from two kinds of membrane materials was calculated, and the microscopic changes of membrane materials were analyzed and compared. Meanwhile, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to compare and analyze the differences in chemical compositions of essential oil between traditional steam distillation, PVDF membrane enriched method and PDMS/PVDF membrane enriched method. The results showed that the yield of essential oil enriched by PVDF membrane was significantly higher than that of PDMS/PVDF membrane, and the GC-MS spectrum showed that the content of main compositions was higher than that of PDMS/PVDF membrane; The GC-MS spectra showed that the components of essential oil enriched by PVDF membrane were basically the same as those obtained by traditional steam distillation. The above results showed that vapor permeation membrane separation technology shall be feasible for the separation of Forsythia essential oil-bearing water body, and PVDF membrane was more suitable for separation and enrichment of Forsythia essential oil than PDMS/PVDF membrane.
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RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a ultrafiltração (UF) para o tratamento de água de chuva, ajustando seus parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos para a potabilidade. Para tal, duas membranas de UF foram testadas em duas pressões diferentes para tratar água de chuva coletada em um prédio da Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF). A água de chuva apresentou uma moderada concentração de sólidos suspensos, cor, turbidez, matéria orgânica e contaminação por coliformes e uma baixa concentração de nitritos, nitratos e sulfatos. As duas membranas de UF utilizadas (com diâmetro de corte de 4 e 50 kDa) permitiram o ajuste desses parâmetros à potabilidade, sendo que a membrana de 50 kDa de fibra oca apresentou fluxos superiores a 130 L.h-1.m-2 (a 2 bar). Logo, a captação de água de chuva e sua UF é uma promissora alternativa para um abastecimento descentralizado de água potável.
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to use the ultrafiltration (UF) for the treatment of rainwater, adjusting their physicochemical and microbiological parameters for the drinking water quality. Two UF membranes were tested at two different pressures to treat the rainwater collected in a building of the University of Passo Fundo. Rainwater showed a moderate concentration of suspended solids, color, turbidity, organic matter and coliform contamination and a low concentration of nitrites, nitrates and sulfates. The two UF membranes used (with molecular weight cutoff of 4 and 50 kDa) allowed the adjustment of these parameters to the potability, and the permeate flux of hollow fiber (50 kDa) membrane was above 130 L.h-1.m-2 (at 2 bar). Therefore, rainwater harvesting and its UF is a promising alternative for a decentralized supply of drinking water.
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Objective: To evaluate the optimal separation and purification processes of water extract, the analytic techniques of particle size analysis, powder fluidity testing, and scanning electronic microscope were adopted to compare the influence factor of different separation and purification techniques on microscopic preparation characteristic of intermediate product prepared from water extract of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula purification. Methods: Taking Gubi Granules (GG) which have established the production technology and quality standards in the previous study as an example, three common techniques used for water extract of TCM formula purification, including ethanol precipitation, column chromatogram of macroporous resin, and membrane separation, were applied to preparing the intermediate of GG. Results: Through the comprehensive analysis of fluidity, adhesive property, compressibility, permeability, particle microstructure and particle size distribution, it was found that membrane separation could obtain intermediates with better performance, which was conducive to the subsequent granulation, tabletting, and other process smoothly. The operating conditions for liquid concentration were 0.05 g crude drug/mL, 30 ℃ liquid temperature, 0.15 MPa pressure and 5 m/s flow rate. Conclusion: The different spray dried powders varied greatly. The membrane separation method of 0.2 μm Al2O3 ceramic was selected as the optimal process for separating and purifying of water extract of GG by analyzing the influencing factors of the pharmaceutical properties.
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[Objective] To describe a case of a rare,novel mutation causing recurrent chorioamniotic membrane separation in a Chinese family with combined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing.[Methods] For the affected fetus,potential mutation were detected by the conbinedcombined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing.And the prenatal diagnosis were identified by Sanger sequencing.[Results] A frameshifting mutation c.1389_1390delAG (inherited from mother),and a missense mutationc.1006 G ＞ C (inherited from mother) have been identified in the affected fetus (the second pregnancy).The prenatal diagnosis of the third fetus turns out to be a carrier,the mutation was inherited from father.[Conclusions] We describe a novel mutation in gene ZMPSTE24,which was considered with mandibuloacral dysplasia with type B,and that may be the cousecoursecausing of recurrent chorioamniotic membrane separation.This rare mutation constitutes an additional heterogeneous defect causing chorioamniotic membrane separation.And the conbinedcombined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing allows high resolution characterization of novel mutions that are not readily detected by present methods.
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Spontaneous complete chorioamniotic membrane separation (CMS) without invasive fetal procedure is extremely rare and associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. A woman with complete CMS which was detected at the 21 weeks' gestation. She did not take any fetal invasive procedures before the diagnosis. At 27 weeks' gestation, an emergency Caesarean section was performed because of fetal distress. The defect of the uterine muscle was detected on the fundus. The baby has grown well without any morbidity. This is the first reported case of complete CMS relative to uterine scar. And we suggest that the pregnancy can be maintained successfully if there is no fetal abnormality when complete CMS is detected on ultrasound.
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Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Pregnancy , Cesarean Section , Cicatrix , Diagnosis , Emergencies , Fetal Distress , Live Birth , Membranes , Myometrium , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Placental chorioangioma is a benign non-trophoblastic tumor of the placenta that can have various adverse effects on the mother and fetus depending on its size. Chorioamniotic membrane separation is rare condition of detachment between the amniotic membrane and chorionic membrane. Chorioamniotic membrane separation after the second trimester of pregnancy is usually occurs after invasive procedures or may occur spontaneously; it is mostly associated with fetal abnormalities. Here, we report a case of chorioamniotic membrane separation that might be occurred caused by the seromucinous secretion from a placental chorioangioma.
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Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Amnion , Chorion , Fetus , Hemangioma , Membranes , Mothers , Placenta , Pregnancy Trimester, SecondABSTRACT
Objective: Taking thewater extraction of Compound Banlangen Liyan Granules (IsatidisRadix, ScrophulariaeRadix, PlatycodiRadix, GlycyrrhizaeRadix, etc.)as the research object to explore the dynamic migration regular of the active ingredient population of compoundChinesemateriamedica in different apertures in ceramic membrane separation process and compare its membrane filtration flux and solid inclusion removal rate. Methods: The water extraction of Compound Banlangen Liyan Granules was separated with 200 nm and 50 nm aperture of ceramic membrane, respectively. Continuously sampling for many times was done in the ceramic membrane separation process. The optimized HPLC methods were as follows: chromatographic column was Agilent Zorbox Eclipse XDB-C18, mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid in gradient elution at flow rate of 1 mL/min, detection wavelength was wavelength switching, injection volum was 10 μL, the column temperature was 30 ℃. The contents of sixactive ingredients[adenosine, (R,S)-goitrin, liquiritin, harpagosid, platycodinD, and monoammonium glycyrrhizinate]were determined in thecompound at the same time, and the dynamic migration rates were investigated. Results:The simultaneous determination of the sixactive ingredient in thecompound was done with HPLC method. For the water extraction in Compound Banlangen Liyan Granules, in the 200 nm ceramic membrane separation process, the dynamic migration rates of the sixactive ingredientsranged between 71%-104%, the average migration rate was 85%, the membrane filter flux attenuation was smaller, the stable flux was in 426-340 L/(m2∙h), solid inclusion removal rate was 21.0%. But in 50 nm ceramic membrane, the dynamic migration rates of the sixactiveingredients ranged between 83%-107%, the average migration rate was83%, the membrane filter flux attenuation was larger, the stable flux was in 258-228 L/(m2∙h), and solid inclusion removal rate was23.9%. Conclusion :The experiment preliminarily reflects the dynamic migration regular of the active ingredient population of compoundChinesemateriamedica in two different aperture ceramic membrane separation process. It lays a migration theoretical foundation of effective materials for popularization and application of modern ceramic membrane technology in Chinese materiamedica refining.
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Objective: To extract and purify thepolysaccharide from Portulacaoleracea and evaluate its anti-oxidant activity. Methods: Orthogonal experiment design L9(43) was employed to optimize the traditional extraction process. The processes of deproteinization and depigmentation were also investigated. Specifications of membrane with different apertures was used to purify the crude polysaccharide. The anti-oxidant activity of the polysaccharide was also evaluated by Fenton reaction and autoxidation of pyrogallol. Results: The polysaccharide was extracted at 100℃ for 3h with four times repeated to give the highest extraction rate. The recycling rates of Sevage method, thicloroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid method to remove protein were 17.05%, 9.66%, and 16.61%, respectively. The recycling rates of active carbon, H2O2, acetone-anhydrous ethanol, and chloroformn butanol to remove pigment were 17.04%, 17.09%, 27.06%, and 17.58%, respectively. Much of the polysaccharide were detected in the liquid penetrated from the membrane with apertures of 0.8μm.The clearance rate of polysaccharidescavenge hydroxyl radical and superoxide radicalwere 58.89%, and 38.89%. Conclusion: The preferred aperture of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membrane can purified P.oleracea. Polysaccharide antioxidant experiment indicates that the polysaccharide could effectively scavenge hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical with dose dependent relationship.
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Objective: To reevaluate the purification process of Qingnao Fushen Oral Liquid (QFOL). Methods: The orthogonal experiment of adsorption process of the activated carbon was optimized with the diversion rates of berberine and total flavonoids and the reduction of solid content as indexes. The aperture, pressure, temperature, and collection were optimized with the diversion rates of berberine and total flavonoids and the reduction of solid content as indexes. At the same time, the method of membrane cleaning was screened through the combination of different cleaners. Results: The adsorption process of activated carbon was as following: the usage of activated carbon was 0.1%, at normal atmospheric temperature, and the adsorption time was 20 min. The optimal process was aperture 200 nm, pressure 0.10 MPa, temperature 40℃, and collection 1.25 times of the original volume. The cleaning method of membrane is to use NaOH to clean for 30 min and HNO3 to clean for 30 min. Conclusion: The purified QFOL can be obtained by this technique, which is helpful for industrialization.
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The concentration of pineapple juice is needed to retain the bromelain activity and to standardize the composition and proteolytic activity. Thus, this work aimed to obtain a pure bromelain extract from the Ananas comosus L. Merril juice by membrane separation process. A 2² experimental planning was used to study the influence of pH and transmembrane pressure on the activity recovery by micro-filtration using a plain membrane. In second step, this enzyme was purified by the ultra-filtration using a 10 kDa millipore kit. The best operation condition to bromelain concentration using the plain membrane was at pH 7.5 and transmembrane pressure of 0.05 bar, while 85 percent of bromelain activity was recovered. Ultra-filtration retained 100 percent of proteolytic activity and concentrated in 10 fold the bromelain extract. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the ultra-filtrated had high purity and the bromelain from A. comosus pulp had a molecular weight of 24.5 kDa.
A concentração do suco de abacaxi é necessária para manter a atividade da bromelina e padronizar a composição e atividade proteolítica. Assim, este trabalho objetivou a obter um extrato de bromelina pura do suco do Ananas comosus L. Merril por processos de separação por membranas. Um planejamento experimental do tipo 2² foi feito para estudar a influência do pH a da pressão transmembranar sobre a recuperação da atividade por micro-filtração usando uma membrana plana. Em uma segunda etapa, purificou-se a enzima alvo por ultra-filtração usando um "kit millipore" de 10 kDa. A melhor condição para a concentração da bromelina foi a pH 7,5 e pressão transmembranar de 0,05 bar, onde 85 por cento da atividade da bromelina foi recuperado. A ultra-filtração manteve 100 por cento da atividade proteolítica e concentrou em 10 vezes o extrato de bromelina. A eletroforese via SDS-PAGE mostrou que o ultra-filtrado teve alta pureza e a bromelina da polpa do Ananas comosus tem um peso molecular de 24.5 kDa.
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As chorion and amnion fusion usually occurs between 14 and 16 weeks of gestation, sonographic identification of chorion and amniotic membrane separation is a normal finding before 14 weeks. However, persistent separation after 16 weeks of gestation is considered rare and abnormal findings. Complete chorioamniotic membrane separation (CMS) may occur spontaneously, but has also been described as a complication of all invasive intrauterine procedures, including amniocentesis. Complete CMS have a significant morbidity and mortality due to intrauterine fetal death, cord complications, and preterm delivery. Aggressive treatment with hospitalization is necessary. We now report 2 cases of complete CMS identified by prenatal ultrasound; 1 in spontaneous complete CMS diagnosed at 24 weeks of gestation, and health premature child was born at 29+3 weeks of gestation, who was alive and well at present; 1 in complete CMS diagnosed at 21 weeks of gestation after amniocentesis, and fetal demise at 24 weeks of gestation due to cord strangulation by an amniotic band. We experienced two cases of complete CMS and report with a brief review of literatures.
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Child , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Amniocentesis , Amnion , Amniotic Band Syndrome , Chorion , Fetal Death , Hospitalization , MembranesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the effective portion of the ultrafiltration membrane-separated ethanol extract of Pae-onia lactiflora and its antineoplastic activity in vitro. METHODS:The content of peoniflorin in ethanol extract of P.lactiflora was determined by HPLC. The drug-containing serum of mice was used to cultivate tumor cells such as HT29,HL60 and S180,then the inhibitory effect of P.lactiflora ultrafiltrate on the tumor cells and the association between dosage and administration time of the P.lactiflora ultrafiltrate were observed. RESULTS:P.lactiflora(10～100 g?kg-1) showed marked inhibition on all kinds of the above-mentioned tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner; the drug-containing serum also showed marked inhibition on all of kinds of tumor cells at different time in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION:The effective portion of ultrafiltration membrane-separated ethanol extract of P.lactiflora has antineoplastic activity in vitro.